Schmalz

Operating principles of vacuum generation

Venturi principle

Operating principle

  • Pneumatic vacuum generators function based on the Venturi principle
  • Compressed air is introduced into the ejector (A)
  • Due to the reduced cross-section of the motive nozzle (the Venturi nozzle [B]), the compressed air is accelerated. The dynamic pressure increases, while the static air pressure simultaneously decreases.
  • Once it has passed the motive nozzle, the accelerated air expands and a vacuum is generated
  • Air is "sucked" through the vacuum connection (D) into the ejector
  • The compressed air escapes from the ejector through the silencer (C) together with the "sucked-in" air.

Advantages

  • Vacuum generators that function according to the Venturi principle are especially suitable for very high accelerations
  • Vacuum grippers can be controlled individually
  • Ejectors in different designs for centralized and decentralized vacuum generation depending on the application
  • Various power classes to suit the workpiece and application

Bernoulli's principle

Operating principle

  • Pneumatic operation with integrated vacuum generation
  • Compressed air escapes through holes in the suction cup and is greatly accelerated when doing so
  • Due to the increase in speed, the static pressure falls and a vacuum is produced (A) ("Bernoulli Equation")
  • The accelerated air escapes to the side (B); an "air cushion" is produced between the floating suction pad and workpiece
  • Leakage is compensated for through a high flow rate, which means that even porous workpieces can be handled and separated
  • The Bernoulli effect ensures that the workpieces are handled with minimal contact
  • Floating suction cups function according to Bernoulli's principle

Advantages

  • Low-contact, gentle handling of thin and sensitive workpieces thanks to the Bernoulli effect
  • Safe separation of thin and porous workpieces

The Coanda principle

Operating principle

  • Pneumatic operation with integrated vacuum generation
  • With the Coanda principle, compressed air is guided through an annular gap which accelerates it
  • The increase in the flow speed results in the "Coanda effect" in which the escaping air follows a convex surface
  • The air flowing along the surface produces suction ("entrainment") in the ambient air

Advantages

  • High suction rate and low air consumption (the required operating pressure is 1 to 5 bar) due to the Coanda effect
  • Large contact surface with narrowly positioned vacuum openings prevent the workpiece from being sucked in or damaged
  • Suction areas can also be partly engaged

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